zh-cnGoodspeed Rss3Thu, 08 Jan 2009 21:41:19 GMTTue, 15 Apr 2008 10:51:56 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17956/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在电子产品竞争日趋激烈的今天，提高产品质量已成为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.com/">SMT<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">加工</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产中的最关键因素之一。产品质量水平不仅是企业技术和管理水平的标志，更与企业的生存和发展休戚相关。本文将结合本单位生产实际情况，就如何控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/smtare.html">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产现场的生产质量做番讨论。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产质量过程控调</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量过程控制点的设置</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了保证</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.net/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备的正常进行，必须加强各工序的加工工件质量检查，从而监控其运行状态。因而需要在一些关键工序后设立质量控制点，这样可以及时发现上段工序中的品质问题并加以纠正，杜绝不合格产品进入下道工序，将因品质引起的经济损失降低到最小程度。质量控制点的设置与生产工艺流程有关，我们生产的产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CD</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ROM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一单面贴插混装板，如图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所示。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">因而我们为之确定了“先贴后插”的生产工艺流程，并在生产工艺中加入以下质量控制点：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">烘板</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检验</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丝印</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回流焊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">波峰焊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>ICT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">测试</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">维修</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">烘板检测内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．印制板有无变形；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．焊盘有无氧化；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">c</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、印制板表面有无划伤；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依据检测标准目测检验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丝印检测内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">a.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">印刷是否完全；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">b.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有无桥接；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">c.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厚度是否均匀；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">d</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．有无塌边；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">e.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">印刷有无偏差；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依据检测标准目测检验或借助放大镜检验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴片检测内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>a.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元件的贴装位置情况；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．有无掉片；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">c</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．有无错件；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依据检测标准目测检验或借助放大镜检验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回流焊接检测内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．元件的焊接情况，有无桥接、立碑、错位、焊料球、虚焊等不良焊接现象</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">.b.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊点的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">情况．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依据检测标准目测检验或借助放大镜检验．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插件检测内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>a</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．有无漏件；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">b</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．有无错件；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">e.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元件的插装情况；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">依据检测标准目测检验。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检验标准的制定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每一质量控制点都应制订有相应的检验标准，内容包括检验目标和检验内容，质检员应严格依照检验标准开展工作。若没有检验标准或内容不全，将会给生产质量控制带来相当大的麻烦。如判定元件贴偏时，究竟偏移多少才算不合格呢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">?</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质检员往往会根据自己的经验来判别，这样就不利于产品质量的均一、稳定。制定每一工序的质量检验标准的，应根据其具体情况，尽可能将所有缺陷列出，最好采用图示的方法，以便于质检员理解、比较。例如表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是回流焊接后焊锡球缺陷的检验标准</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缺陷类型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊锡球</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缺陷内容</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在大小上焊球如超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1/2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的引脚间距或大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0.3mm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，即使小于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1/2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的脚间距。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量缺蹈数的统计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://smtare.blog.dianyuan.com/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产过程中，质量缺陷的统计十分必要，它将有助于全体职工包括企业决策者在内，能了解到企业产品质量情况。然后作出相应对策来解决、提高、稳定产品质量。其中某些数据可以作为员工质量考核、发放奖金的参考依据。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在回流焊接和波峰焊接的质量缺陷统计中，我们引入了国外的先进统计方法—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量制，即百万分率的缺陷统计方法。计算公式如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊点总数＝检测线路板数×焊点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缺陷总数＝检测线路板的全部缺陷数量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">例如某线路板上共有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个焊点，检测线路板数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">500</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，检测出的缺陷总数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，则依据上述公式可算出：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同传统的计算板直通率的统计方法相比，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量制更能直观的反映出产品质量的控制情况。例如有的板元件较多，双面安装，工艺较复杂，而有些板安装简单，元件较少，同样计算单板直通率，显然对前者有失公平，而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量制则弥补了这方面的不足。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">管理措施的实施</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了进行有效的品质管理，我们除了对生产质量过程加以严格控制外，还采取以下管理措施：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件或者外协加工的部件采购进厂后，入库前需经检验员的抽检</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或全检</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，发现合格率达不到国标要求的应退货，并将检验结果书面记录备案。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">质量部要制订必要的有关质量的规章制度和本部门的工作责任制。通过法规来约束人为可以避免的质量事故，赏罚分明，用经济手段参与质量考核，企业内部专设每月质量奖。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．企业内部建立全面质量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(TQC)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">机构网络，作到质量反馈及时、准确。挑选人员素质最好的作为生产线的质检员，而行政上仍属质量部管理，从而避免其他因素对质量判定工作的干扰。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">确保检测维修仪器设备的精确。产品的检验、维修是通过必要的设备、仪器来实施的，如万用表、防静电手腕、烙铁、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">ICT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等等。因而，仪器本身的质量好坏将直接影响到生产质量。要按规定及时送检和计量，确保仪器的可靠性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>5.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了增强每名员工的质量意识，我们在生产现场周围设立了质量宣传栏，定期公布一些质量事故的产生原因及处理办法，以杜绝此类问题的再度发生。同时质量部将每天的生产质量缺陷统计数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">回流焊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数、波峰焊</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绘于质量坐标图上，让所有人能及时了解到当天的生产质量情况，以便采取相应的改善措施。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>6</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．每星期召开一次质量分析会。会议由质量部主管牵头准备，生产部主管主持。会议时间从早上一上班开始，时间约为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">10min</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">30min</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。参加人员是生产线上质量管理小组代表、生产工艺主管、质量部主管、生产部主管、各线线长等。会议内容：提出上一星期出现的质量问题，会上讨论确定解决问题的对策，并提出落实解决问题的责任人或责任部门。要求会议简短、预先有准备，避免开会时间过长。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>7.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">搞好产品质量，应依据全体员工，单纯由质量部门尽心努力是不够的。因为产品质量是靠优化设计、先进工艺、高素质的工人生产出来的，而不是依靠质量部门检查出来的，所以企业全体员工加强质量意识，在生产过程中我们提出了“向零缺陷奋斗”的口号，实际上这一目标是很难实现的，因为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/smtare">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产过程的环节非常多，不可能保证每一步不出现一点点差错，因此“零缺陷”只是一种理想的顶点。但口号的提出与不提出效果大不一样，正因为我们提出了“零缺陷”的奋斗目标，在生产过程中就会想尽量靠近它，越接近，产品质量就越好。目前我们的回流焊缺陷率已能控制在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">50PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下，波峰焊缺陷率在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">30PPM</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下，产品质量得到了大幅度提高。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17956/message.aspxoem加工 封装测试Tue, 15 Apr 2008 10:50:32 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17953/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信作为国民经济基础产业，在改革开放二十多年以来取得长足进步和高速发展。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">随着信息化时代到来，以电子信息技术为代表的高新技术产业已成为国民经济高速发展的动力和改造传统产业的生力军。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子通信是信息技术的重要组成部分，它承担信息产业的通信功能，在设备生产过程中使用了先进制造技术，其中具有代表性的就是目前采用的表面组装技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> (</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.com/">SMT</a>-Surface Mount Technology)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>60</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.net/">SMT<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">加工</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先在美国的航天、混合电路产品中开始应用，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">70</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代日本在消费类产品上大量使用，我国继</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代在调谐器行业启用后</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">90</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代在电子信息产业中迅速发展起来，目前已成为电子通信产业主要生产手段和不可缺少的生存条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子通信产品发展的特点是把更新更多的功能，更好的性能，即日益增大的信息处理量压缩在有限空间和更小的重量范围之内，因此对制造技术电子装联工艺不断提出新的要求，目前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/smtare.html">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">面临的阶段性任务是以高密度组装为核心目标，提高和完善对生产环境的保护，实现免清洗技术，无铅焊料技术，限制有机溶剂技术，局部焊接技术，进一步发展自动检测技术等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件封装的不断创新，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://smtare.blog.dianyuan.com/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设备不断改进和完善，新材料的使用，成为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不断发展创新的动力和条件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的安装密度：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装密度是衡量组装技术含量的重要内容，但目前尚未见密度等级的统一标准。为使安装密度有量化数据，常按元器件平均密度、元器件在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上覆盖面积或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出线的平均密度进行比较。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件在印制板上的平均密度，单面混装的印制板，每平方厘米可安装</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4~8</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个元器件，双面混装的每平方厘米安装</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">6~10</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个元器件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2 PLCC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">QFP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等集成度高的元器件信息处理量大，安装面积也大，按元器件单位面积平均数不能反映实际密度，此时可按所装元器件投影面积与印制板面积的比例，通常在模拟电路中比值为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">30~50</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％，由于数字电路的抗干扰能力强，这个比值可达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">50~80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件出线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">I</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">密度，常规密度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">30~40</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／平方时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每平方厘米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">5~7</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，高密度具有盲／埋孔的板</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">140/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">平方时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每平方厘米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">22</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，超高密度的已经达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">600</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／平方时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">每平方厘米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">93</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．用户通讯终端产品的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现状和发展：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用户通讯终端产品的特点是轻薄短小化，多功能，造型多样性，产品更新换代快，成本要低，具有代表性的产品如移动电话手持机。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">终端产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/smtare">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组装的特点是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件的小型化，以阻容元件而言，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">90</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代前、中期用的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3216(1206)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2012<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>(0805)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1608(0603)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">规格在手机上已不采用，市售产品均已采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1005(0402)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，并已向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0603(0201)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片式元件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">安装面积为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1005</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过渡，脚间距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">5mm</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上非细间距</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">IC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">器件已很少采用并普遍使用微型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CSP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">器件；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴装化率高，已接近或达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">100</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％，最能体现</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的高效率，实现了自动化生产；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊接采用再流焊方式；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于使用微小型元器件，安装密度大，靠目视检查已无法解决，新建生产线均应采用在线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">AOI(Automated Optical Inspection)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动光学检查，以及时发现漏贴、错位、立片、侧立、极性倒置等缺陷并对缺陷部位定位；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">5 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为检查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CSP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">器件焊点对位及焊接质量，必须采用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">X</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">RAY</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或专用光学检查仪检查焊接质量，并配备有光学对位系统和为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">植球功能的返修台；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">6 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">移动手持机安装密度发展情况</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实测值</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件密度个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">/cm2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>I/O</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出线个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">/cm2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">阻容元件规格</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>IC/PITCH<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1992 2.55 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>8.88<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>2125<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>QFP/0.65<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1993 4.21<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>21.02<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>1608<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>QFP/0.65<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1998 11.8<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>35.58<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>1005<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>QFP/0.5</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CSP<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1999 12.9<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>40.83<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>1005<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同左</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信系统设备产品的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/smtbeer.html">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">现状和发展：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通信系统设备又称为局用设备，产品特点是高可靠性、长寿命和适应通讯系统日益提高的功能要求，技术经济附加值高。代表性产品如交换机、接入网设备、移动通信基站等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系统设备产品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://smtbeer.blog.dianyuan.com/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组装的特点是：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件的多样性，既有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">／</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMD</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表贴元器件又有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">THT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插装元器件，多采用贴／插混装方式；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件与印制板间电连接方式有再流焊、波峰焊和压接等多种方式；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于元器件封装不断改进，贴装化率逐年提高，专门为插件设置自动化工位已不必要，实现自动化生产方法是在线上多功能贴片机配专用插件头，完成贴／插同机操作；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高密度组装和大量生产，要求在线安装</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">AOI</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自动光学检查设备；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">5 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为适应</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">BGA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">器件大量采用，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">CSP</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">FC</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等新型器件发展，必须配置焊点对位及缺陷检查设备及光学对位返修植球设备；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3.6 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">波峰焊使用率逐年下降，新的焊接技术不断产生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见下文</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术的发展：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子通信市场扩大，产品更新换代周期逐年加快，半导体、元器件技术飞速发展，对于电子装联技术不断提出新的更高要求，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="htt://blog.sina.com.cn/smtcook">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术发展突出表现在以下几方面。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴片机技术发展：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴片机工作方式始于机械手式，为提高产能，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">80</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代末高速机中转塔式开始占据了主导地位，转塔机贴片速度从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒／片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(144000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片／时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">15</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">09</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">085</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">0</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">075</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">秒／片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(48000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片／时</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，转塔式旋转头也从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">12</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">16</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发展到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">20</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">站，由于转动惯量等因素限制，更高速贴片机已从转塔转向机械手模块式，这种新型模块式高速贴片机贴片能力达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">96000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片／时和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">133000</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">片／时，不仅贴片速度高，而且配置和调度的灵活性强。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多功能贴片机采用双头贴装，双轨进板，飞行对中等技术，对位精度和贴片速度有很大提高，有的贴片机能配用插件头，实现贴／插同机操作。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2 SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊接技术发展：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊接质量对电子通信设备可靠性影响很大，产品发生故障有</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">60</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">70</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％是焊接因素引起的，因此必须重视焊接工艺技术。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><a href="http://smtcook.blog.dianyuan.com/"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span>SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用的再流焊和波峰焊属于高效的群焊方式，全贴装采用再流焊，再流焊工艺采用设置温度曲线、充氮、设置上下部温差等措施保证焊接质量，今后无铅焊料使用是再流焊的新课题。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插装和贴／插混装多用波峰焊。由于贴装化率迅速提高，电路板上的通孔插件焊点越来越少；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元器件微小化，高密度安装元器件之间间隙小，使用波峰焊漏焊、桥接增加且难以检查，补焊工作量大；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">波峰焊时整板涂焊剂，离子污染度大，有害残余物难以消除；</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">波峰焊时印制板受热冲击大，容易造成</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">翘曲变形。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解决波峰焊存在问题目前采用的方法有：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span>4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">穿孔回流焊法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PIHR</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Pin</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">In</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Hole</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Reflow)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Intrusive Reflow</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，插件和贴装全采用再流焊，焊膏可用点膏法或漏印法。漏印焊膏又分网板法和针管法两种，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引线插入方向也有正、反面两种方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编程波峰焊，这种设备采用全新的波峰焊概念，使用圆柱形点式喷嘴，按计算机设定轨迹在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊点对应部位作点式、直线式、平面扫描式焊接。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4.2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">掩板式，使用传统波峰焊，在电路板焊接面用耐高温、防静电、热容量小的托板掩盖非焊接部位，焊点处镂孔进行焊接。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提高在线自动化生产水平，实现贴片</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">/</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">插件同机操作，见本文</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使用在线</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">AOI</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">X-RAY</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">焊点检测技术，提高产品质量和检测水平。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">．</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">5 </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进一步有效利用自动检测数据，实现视觉检查</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(AOI</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">X</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">RAY)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、制造缺陷检查、在线测试综合一体化，优化程序，消除重叠覆盖无效测试，提高缺陷检出率和工作效率。</span>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17953/message.aspxsmt贴片 封装测试Tue, 15 Apr 2008 10:49:09 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17949/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国的电子生产工业，在改革开放后的发展可谓神速。而作为电子生产技术主角的表面贴装技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.com/">SMT<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">加工</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，也相应的得到大量的引进。这种现象主要是由两种因素造成，一是国内本身的改革需求，另一是国内庞大市场对外国的吸引力。刚刚进行改革的中国电子生产工业，不论在资金或技术上，都得依赖外国。外国资金和技术的引进，不会是没有代价的。因为没有一家公司会从事对本身毫无好处的工作。不论其眼光是否准确，在其把资金技术投入的背后肯定有其如意算盘。所以对一个国家来说，这种以依靠外来协助为主的做法，只能是在发展的过渡时期使用，长远来说还是必须学会自己的一套能力。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">外商投资中国，不外是为了它庞大的市场以及低廉的生产成本。而仍有许多公司或项目不愿进入中国的，却是因为国内在品质、管理、效率和制度方面的不足，还不能抵消在成本及市场机会上能带来的好处的缘故。中国的生产成本，如所有其它发展国家一样，将会日渐不断的增高，而且是在比他人还快的速度在增长。在这过程中，工厂的品质、管理、效率和制度方面都必须跟得上，甚至超越成本的增长率才能保持这工厂的竞争力。以目前中国</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/smtare.html">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工业界的情况，若要朝着提高竞争力，甚至只是维持竞争力的方向走，什幺是最需要的呢？</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国内所缺乏的，最主要是资金和知识两大方面。资金的来源，一来自国内（通过生产），另一来自国外投资。自己赚来的资金必须通过有效率和高品质的生产，而吸引外来的投资也赖于国内能提供良好效率质量对成本比的条件。所以总的来说，提高生产效率和质量才是目前国内急需的。而这除了认清方向、执行的决心外，更决定于是否具备相关的知识了。我这儿指的知识包括管理和科技知识。让我们先探讨科技知识的引进情况。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国内目前的情况，还是以采用外国科技为主。外国技术的引进，有两个主要途径。一是通过供应的形式，主要是在生产设备和工具方面。另一是通过技术合作。由于国内技术水平比起工业先进国暂时还有一段差距，在设备方面的供应几乎都为外国技术所占有。作为供应形式的引进，商务利益优先是可以理解的。原本在自由市场上不同供货商间的竞争应是带来更好的技术实质。但很可惜的，在国内这种现象并不普遍存在。原因何在？我相信主因有以下几个。首先是设备技术的引进绝大部分都通过中间代理商。造成这情况是因为从事代理的公司在商业上的灵活反应、生意头脑以及中国内部的国情所致。我们暂且不论这个。应正视的问题是，在商业上的这些精英确实对技术的转移起着不太好的影响。过热的商务活动和激烈的价格竞争导致用户对技术实质的迷惑。甚至使市场上长期出现了如先选设备而后计划生产产品的可悲现象。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老王卖瓜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，为了生存而须</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自夸</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是必然的。但若此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">瓜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是复杂的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高科技瓜</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，而此</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是位经验口才都好的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，问题就可能出现了。其实在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">界中也往往是这情况。买瓜都会选错，更何况是高科技设备技术。另一原因是能力的问题。当然也有一些</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是全心希望协助用户的，可惜都心有余而力不足。虽然</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老王</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都经过一些培训，但也不外是对设备的原理、使</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用等基本方面的培训。技术深度和宽度一般都不够。不能在技术上全面和正确的协助用户。这情况有时不只是发生在代理身上，在原产者身上也常见，原因是技术转移非他们的目的，所以在这方面也不会有足够的准备。所以在通过供货商引进技术上，虽是个主流，却存在着立场和能力的问题而不理想。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">引进技术，国内的另一种常见做法，是通过和外国公司的合作来取得技术。出发点不错，但效果却不佳。因为合作的目的，对一般外国投资者来说，好处是更快速的利用国内低成本的优势，以及国内的庞大市场。有些情况也能从合作上得到直接利益（如配合设备、组件和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">'</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的转让或销售）。但决不会是为了把技术带入中国。外来投资者也许不知道这样的合作会有多久，但他们对协助一个在成本上占优势而缺乏技术的伙伴发展成竞争对手的后果是很清楚的。在这情况下，技术转移不论在素质上，或是层次上都十分有限。我曾在国内见过好些合资工厂，其技术水平和合资者在本国的工厂相差甚远，在生产技术上完全没学到多少。一般在生产的产品上还能引进一些技术（但也非最先进的），但在生产技术上却是被忽略了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国内</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SMT</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">界的活动中有一健康的现象，就是交流相当频密。有关</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://www.smtodm.net/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的刊物、交流会、研讨会、以及考察拜访等活动比比皆是。在这种现象值得提倡的同时，我们也应寻求改进。有一点我们须注意，频繁的交流，不但带动好的知识，也可能同时传播不正确的观念知识。我便曾见到不正确的观点被重复在不同刊物提出；而一个错误的回流炉温度设制法竟也被学习采用；另有刊物在同一期中发表了相互矛盾的两篇论文等等。这些都是质量问题的例子。而依我看来，国内的交流活动，在量上做得不错，质上则应有所改进和突破。否则交流即使再多，也都只在同一层次中打转。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总的来说，客观上国内对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://smtare.blog.dianyuan.com/">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的技术知识、生产效率、品质管制等方面的知识需求是存在的，而引进工作还不理想，只是仍目前未普遍地被发现和认可。主要的原因相信有二，其一是因为本身的经验尚未达到能很好的了解本身不足的程度。另一是许多人误以为只要通过设备供货商和一些讲座、交流之类的活动便能得到所需的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上提到的供货商不会提供优良技术一事，责任也非都全在于供货商。供货商所赖于生存的，是设备的销售而非技术知识的推广。提供知识的目的也是为了达到设备销售的目的。除非有绝对的必要，供货商不会选择在生产技术上竞争（请注意，这儿所指的是生产技术，而非一般商务上谈的设备的表面技术。生产技术能协助用户获得最佳的质量和产量水平，单有设备技术却不能）。原因是培育这类的技术人员在时间和资本的投资上相当可观，而这方面的竞争相当难搞。但更重要的，是国内在这方面没有真正的要求。一般用户也许对此不表同意，觉得本身在引进设备时也曾提出技术要求，也曾花时间去了解其技术特色等等。让我举个常见的例子来说明。在选择</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/smtare">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">贴片机时，贴片精度是每个用户所必谈的技术要求之一。但很少用户知道几乎所有的供货商都没把这重要指针标得正确，很少用户以精度参数＋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Cp</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＋</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Cpk</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的方式来谈贴片精度，很少用户知道贴片精度不应只是单独一个指针，更少用户曾设法了解指针的实用性，也很少用户会将它和本身产品的设计指南以及品质标准同时考虑，以及知道如何正确的评估或验证商业指针等。一般用户的所谓技术就是比较过各供货商间的指针，听听供货商解释他们的设计如何达到此精度便是了。这可和真正的技术应用相差还远。所以许多时候用户并未对技术作出实质的要求。而作为供货商，既然用户不要求，当然也省得麻烦了。这类知识技巧，用户很难要求设备供货商全面和中肯的提供，而必须通过其它渠道。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上这常见的例子也协助说明我先前提到的两点，一是本身未必了解知识的不足，二是交流考察未必学到足够和实用的。所以追根究底，问题的掌握还是在用户手中，还得由本身做起。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于外国供货商有利可图，国内不乏引进先进设备的机会。但先进的设备也须配合先进的技术才能发挥其最佳功效。用户应牢记的是，设备和生产技术虽息息相关，但却是不同的两回事，拥有最好的设备不能表示就有好的生产品质和效率。两者之间的内容和层次都不同。可惜的是，国内在设备外的技术在引进上做得不好。这有二个主因。一是没有需求的表现，满于现状（如通过设备供货商等）。二是缺乏知识供应渠道。而造成这种缺乏现象的原因，除了国内本身尚未培育出这类人员外，和管理观念有关。在许多管理人员的观念中，知识是可以免费获得的（即通过交流，供货商等）。用户的不准备花费学习，也断了知识引进的有效渠道。如在欧美，工厂花费采用顾问的协助是常见的做法，也因而鼓励了许多能人出来提供技术知识，带动技术的快速发展。由于知识经验的不足，许多工厂每天都在不知不觉中浪费资源（时间、材料、金钱），甚至对生产产品的长期可靠性无法保证，而对公司的声誉起着不良的影响。这些浪费，用在聘用顾问引进实用技术知识上是绰绰有余的。聘用的费用是一次性的，节省和声誉却是长期性的。而在提升的知识基础上，有可加快学习更高技术的速度。这方面只要细算，不难看出其巨大的可计和不可计的利益。所以问题的所在不应是要或不要花费引进技术，而是如何评估和事先了解将引进的技术的素质和适用性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">另一种可以借鉴外国做法的是工厂本身内部的技术开发。但这方面在国内还有些限制，来自资金和经验方面。生产技术的开发费用相当可观，也须在一定的基础上展开方为有效。同时可开展面很广，不易选择。对于高新技术，开发能力（经验和经济）也许会有限制。对于现有科技，开发可能不如引进的效率。不过虽然如此，量力而行，小规模的开发如优化试验等投资还是应鼓励的。主要是因为知识经验非一朝一夕便可得的，应提供学习机会，做好准备。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">欲接受自己不行的事实是相当不容易的，尤其是在他人面前承认自己不行而要求协助。这非得有非凡的勇气不可。要引进技术，首先便须有此开放的思路。这也是出色管理人员的一种资产。有了这重要的第一条件，接着是通过学习和思考来提升自己的专业程度。因为只有在达到一定的程度后，思路和看法才会有较高的实值，才能了解什幺才是真正的应用技术。你也可能需要具备很强的说服能力，因为不是所有同事都具备同等眼光的。你也应具备评估和了解自身工厂真正水平的能力，由于这方面常需对其他先进工厂做比较，聘用有经验的顾问可以是个好的做法。另外，应学习如何评估选用技术顾问能确保你的投资效益。应留意的是，顾问的优劣，不在于他在业的时间，而在于他的经历、观念和态度。只有在你具备一定知识基础的情况下，通过和其交流才能较好的给予评估。最后，你须定好自己的要求（虽你可能未必做得最好，可以通过协助，但建议必须拟订）和步伐，并了解知识有价，做好预算。你应能获益不浅的。深圳龙人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><a href="http://blog.china.alibaba.com/blog/smtbeer.html">SMT</a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">事业部整理。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/smtjaj/17949/message.aspxsmt加工 封装测试