zh-cnGoodspeed Rss6Thu, 08 Jan 2009 22:16:11 GMTThu, 06 Nov 2008 11:06:52 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/40312/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电路板</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">PCB</span></b><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">检查方法介绍</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="center"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">本文出自：<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcbon.net/">http://www.pcbon.net</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">本文阐述，过程监测可以防止电路板<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板缺陷，并提高全面质量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　检查可以经常提醒你，你的<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcbwork.net/">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span>装配工艺是不是还有太多的变量。即使在你的制造工艺能够达到持续的零缺陷生产之后，某种形式的检查或者监测对于保证所希望的质量水平还是必要的。表面贴装装配是一系列非常复杂的事件与大量单独行动。我们的诀窍是要建立一个平衡的检查<span lang="EN-US">(inspection)</span>与监测<span lang="EN-US">(monitering)</span>的策略，而不需要进行<span lang="EN-US">100%</span>的检查。本文要讨论的是检查方法、技术和手工检查工具，以及回顾一下自动检查工具和使用检查结果<span lang="EN-US">(</span>缺陷数量与类型<span lang="EN-US">)</span>来改善工艺与产品的质量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板检查是一种以产品为中心的活动，而监测是以工艺为中心的活动。两者对于一个品质计划都是需要的，但是，长期的目标应该是少一点产品检查和多一点工艺监测。产品检查是被动的<span lang="EN-US">(</span>缺陷已经发生<span lang="EN-US">)</span>，而工艺监测是主动的<span lang="EN-US">(</span>缺陷可以防止<span lang="EN-US">) - </span>很明显，预防比对已经存在的缺陷作被动反应要有价值地多。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板检查其实是一个筛选过程，因为它企图找出不可接受的产品去修理。事实十分清楚，大量的检查不一定提高或保证产品品质。德明<span lang="EN-US">(Deming)</span>十四点中的第三点说，<span lang="EN-US">“</span>不要指望大批检查<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。德明强调，一个强有力的工艺应该把重点放在建立稳定的、可重复的、统计上监测的工艺目标上，而不是大批量的检查。检查是一个主观的活动，即使有相当程度的培训，它也是一个困难的任务。在许多情况中，你可以叫一组检查员来评估一个焊接点，但是得到几种不同的意见。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　操作员疲劳是为什么<span lang="EN-US">100%</span>检查通常找不出每一个制造缺陷的原因，另外，这是一个成本高、无价值增值的操作。它很少达到更高产品质量和顾客满意的所希望目标。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　几年前，我们开始了使用<span lang="EN-US">“</span>过程监测<span lang="EN-US">”</span>这个术语，而不是检查员，因为我们想要将生产场所的思想观念从被动反应转变到主动预防。一个检查员通常坐在装配线的末尾，检查产品。在一个理想的情况中，工艺监测活动是产品检查与工艺监测之间的一个平衡<span lang="EN-US"> - </span>例如，<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板专家确认正确的工艺参数正在使用，测量机器的性能，和建立与分析控制图表。工艺监测承担这些活动的一个领导角色；它们帮助机器操作员完成这些任务。培训是一个关键因素。工艺监测员与机器操作员必须理解工艺标准<span lang="EN-US">(</span>例如，<span lang="EN-US">IPC-A-610)</span>、工艺监测的概念和有关的工具<span lang="EN-US">(</span>例如，控制图表、<span lang="EN-US">Pareto</span>图表等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。工艺监测员也提高产品品质和过程监测。作为制造队伍中的关键一员，监测员鼓励一种缺陷预防的方法，而不是一种查找与修理的方法。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　过分检查也是一个普遍的问题。在许多情况中，过分检查<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://pcbsxl01.blog.hexun.com/">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span>只是由于对<span lang="EN-US">IPC-A-610</span>工艺标准的错位理解所造成的。例如，对于插入安装的元件，许多检查员还希望板的两面完美的焊接圆脚，通孔完全充满。可是，这不是<span lang="EN-US">IPC-A-610</span>所要求的。检查质量随着检查员的注意力紧张与集中的程度而波动。例如，惧怕<span lang="EN-US">(</span>管理层的压力<span lang="EN-US">)</span>可能提高生产场所的注意力集中程度，一段时间内质量可能改善。可是，如果大批检查是主要的检查方法，那么缺陷产品还可能产生，并可能走出工厂。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　我们应该回避的另一个术语是补焊<span lang="EN-US">(touch-up)</span>。在<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板这个行业，许多雇员认为补焊是一个正常的、可接受的装配工艺部分。这是非常不幸的，因为任何形式的返工与修理都应该看作是不希望的。返工通常看作为不希望的，但它是灌输在整个制造组织的必要信息。重要的是建立一个把缺陷与返工看作是可避免的和最不希望的制造环境。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　对于多数<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板公司，手工检查是第一道防线。检查员使用各种放大工具，更近地查看元件与焊接点。<span lang="EN-US">IPC-A-610</span>基于检查元件的焊盘宽度建立了一些基本的放大指引。这些指引的主要原因是避免由于过分放大造成的过分检查。例如，如果焊盘宽度是<span lang="EN-US">0.25~0.50 mm</span>，那末所希望的放大倍数是<span lang="EN-US">10X</span>，如有必要也可使用<span lang="EN-US">20X</span>作参考。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　每个检查员都有一种喜爱的检查工具；有一种机械师使用的三个镜片折叠式袖珍放大镜是比较好的。它可以随身携带，最大放大倍数为<span lang="EN-US">12X</span>，这刚好适合于密间距焊接点。或许，最常见的检查工具是显微镜，放大范围<span lang="EN-US">10-40X</span>。但是显微镜连续使用时造成疲劳，通常导致过分检查，因为放大倍数通常超过<span lang="EN-US">IPC-A-610</span>的指引。当然在需要仔细检查可能的缺陷时还是有用的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　对于一般检查，首选一种配备可变焦镜头<span lang="EN-US">(4-30X)</span>和高清晰度彩色监视器的视频系统。这些系统容易使用，更重要的是比显微镜更不容易疲劳。高质量的视频系统价格不到<span lang="EN-US">$2000</span>美元，好的显微镜价格也在这个范围。视频系统的额外好处是不止一个人可以看到物体，这在培训或者<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板检查员需要第二种意见时是有帮助的。<span lang="EN-US">Edmund Scientific</span>公司<span lang="EN-US">(edmundscientific.com)</span>有大量的放大工具，从手持式放大镜到显微镜到视频系统。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　概括起来，建立一个介于<span lang="EN-US">0-100%</span>检查的平衡的监测策略是一个挑战。从这一点，关键的检查点，我们将讨论检查设备<span lang="EN-US">...</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　自动化是奇妙的；在许多情况中，比<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板检查员更准确、快速和效率高。但可能相当昂贵，决定于其复杂化程度。自动化检查设备可能会淡化人的意识，给人一个安全的错觉。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　锡膏检查。锡膏印刷是一个复杂的过程，它很容易偏离所希望的结果。需要一个清晰定义和适当执行的工艺监测策略来保持该工艺受控。至少要人工检查覆盖区域和测量厚度，但是最好使用自动化的覆盖、厚度和体积的测量。使用极差控制图<span lang="EN-US">(X-bar R chart)</span>来记录结果。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　锡膏检查设备有简单的<span lang="EN-US">3X</span>放大镜到昂贵的自动在线机器。一级工具使用光学或激光测量厚度，而二级工具使用激光测量覆盖区域、厚度和体积。两种工具都是离线使用的。三级工具也测量覆盖区域、厚度和体积，但是在线安装的。这些系统的速度、精度和可重复性是不同的，取决于价格。越贵的工具提供更好的性能。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　对于大多数装配线，特别是高混合的生产，首选中等水平性能，它是离线的、安装台面的工具，测量覆盖面积、厚度和体积。这些工具具有灵活性，成本低于<span lang="EN-US">$50,000</span>美元，一般都提供所希望数量的反馈信息。很明显，自动化工具成本都贵得多<span lang="EN-US">($75,000 - $200,000</span>美元<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。可是，它们检查板速度更快，更方便，因为是在线安装的。最适合于大批量、低混合的装配线。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　胶的检查。胶的分配是另一容易偏离所希望结果的复杂工艺。与锡膏印刷一样，需要一个清晰定义和适当执行的工艺监测策略，以保持该工艺受控。推荐使用手工检查胶点直径。使用极差控制图<span lang="EN-US">(X-bar R chart)</span>来记录结果。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　在一个滴胶循环的前后，在板上滴至少两个隔离的胶点来代表每一点直径是一个好主意。这允许操作员比较帝胶循环期间的胶点品质。这些点也可以用来测量胶点直径。胶点检查工具相对不贵，基本上有便携式或台式测量显微镜。还不知道有没有专门<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板设计用于胶点检查的自动设备。一些自动光学检查<span lang="EN-US">(AOI, automated optical inspection)</span>机器可以调整用来完成这个任务，但可能是大材小用。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　最初产品<span lang="EN-US">(first-article)</span>的确认。公司通常对从装配线上下来的第一块板进行详细的检查，以证实机器的设定。这个方法慢、被动和不够准确。常见到一块复杂的板含有至少<span lang="EN-US">1000</span>个元件，许多都没有标记<span lang="EN-US">(</span>值、零件编号等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。这使检查困难。验证机器设定<span lang="EN-US">(</span>元件、机器参数等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>是一个积极的方法。<span lang="EN-US">AOI</span>可以有效地用于第一块板的检查。一些硬件与软件供应商也提供送料器<span lang="EN-US">(feeder)</span>设定确认软件。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　协调机器设定的验证是一个工艺监测员的理想角色，他通过一张检查表的帮助带领机器操作员通过生产线确认过程。除了验证送料器的设定之外，工艺监测员应该使用现有工具仔细地检查最初的两块板。在回流焊接之后，工艺监测员应该进行对关键元件<span lang="EN-US">(</span>密间距元件、<span lang="EN-US">BGA</span>、极性电容等<span lang="EN-US">)</span>快速但详细的检查。同时，生产线继续装配板。为了减少停机时间，在工艺监测员检查最初两块回流之后的板的同时，生产线应该在回流之前装满板。这可能有点危险，但是通过验证机器设定可以获得这样做的信心。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　<span lang="EN-US">X</span>射线检查。基于经验，<span lang="EN-US">X</span>射线对于<span lang="EN-US">BGA</span>装配不一定要强制使用。可是，它当然是手头应该有的一个好工具，如果你买得起的话。应该推荐对<span lang="EN-US">CSP</span>装配使用它。<span lang="EN-US">X</span>射线对检查焊接短路非常好，但对查找焊接开路效果差一点。低成本的<span lang="EN-US">X</span>射线机器只能往下看，对焊接短路的检查是足够的。可以将检查中的物体倾斜的<span lang="EN-US">X</span>射线机器对检查开路比较好。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　自动光学检查<span lang="EN-US">(AOI)</span>。十年前，光学检查被用作可以解决每个人的品质问题的工具。后来该技术被停止不用，因为它不能跟上装配技术的步伐。在过去<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板五年中，它又作为一种合乎需要的技术再次出现。一个好的工艺监测策略应该包括一些重叠的工具，如在线测试<span lang="EN-US">(ICT)</span>、光学检查、功能测试和外观检查。这些过程相互重叠、相互补充，都不能单独提供足够的覆盖率。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　二维的<span lang="EN-US">(2-D)AOI</span>机器可以检查元件丢失、对中错误、不正确零件编号和极性反向。另外，三维<span lang="EN-US">(3-D)</span>的机器可以评估焊接点的品质。一些供应商开提供台式、<span lang="EN-US">2-D AOI</span>机器，价格低于<span lang="EN-US">$50,000</span>美元。这些机器对于最初产品的检查和小批量的样品计划是理想的。在较高性能的种类中，<span lang="EN-US">2-D</span>独立或在线机器价格在<span lang="EN-US">$75,000-125,000</span>美元，而<span lang="EN-US">3-D</span>机器价格<span lang="EN-US">$150,000-250,000</span>美元。<span lang="EN-US">AOI</span>技术有相当的前途，但是处理速度和编程时间还是一个局限因素。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">　　数据收集是一回事，但是使用这些数据来提高性能和减少缺陷才是最终目的。不幸的是，许多公司收集一大堆数据而没有有效地利用它。审查和分析数据可能是费力的，经常看到这个工作只由工程设计人员进行，不包括生产活动。没有准确的反馈，生产盲目地进行。每周的品质会议对于工程设计与生产部门沟通关键信息和推动必要的改进可能是一个有效的方法。这些会议要求一个领导者，必须组织良好，尤其时间要短<span lang="EN-US">(30</span>分钟或更少<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。在这些会议上提出的数据必须用户友好和有意义<span lang="EN-US">(</span>例如，<span lang="EN-US">Pareto</span>图表<span lang="EN-US">)</span>。当确认一个问题后，必须马上指派一个调查研究人员。为了保证一个圆满结束，会议领导必须做准确的记录。结束意味着根源与改正行动。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 17pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">有关<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板详细资料见<span lang="EN-US">:</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"> <span style="COLOR: black"><a href="http://pcbxiaoli.blog.zj.com/">http://pcbxiaoli.blog.zj.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/40312/message.aspx IC设计与软件Fri, 10 Oct 2008 10:17:55 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/37193/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">PCB</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">厂倒闭风波恐延伸至<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">印刷电路板<span lang="EN-US">(PCB)</span>产业流年不利，时逢市况不佳，加上经营条件转差，<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板厂接连传出倒闭消息，在年初就有不少位于大陆华南地区小厂关门大吉，台厂不时出现经营不善的情况，上半年有连安电子、宏达等，在<span lang="EN-US">9</span>月初连老字号<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/"><font color="#b03801">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></font></a></span>厂信丰利也惊传跳票。<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>业者指出，虽然产业景气不好，但随着大陆地区的经营条件变差，<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>压力会益趋沉重，不少业者待价而沽，或是风雨飘摇，预料到了年关相近之际，倒闭风波会达到高峰，不排除延续到<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: #fcfcfc; MARGIN: 0cm 5.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">业在<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年初之际，在大陆华南地区就有不少小厂关闭，而<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年全球景气不佳，大环境因素确实造成影响。<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板小厂<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年以来营运出现窘境，受到景气不佳影响以及扩厂策略错误等冲击，导致营收无法成长，资金却因为扩产而面临吃紧，使得营运更加困难。而未上市柜的连安电子、信丰利在<span lang="EN-US">2008</span>年上、下半年相继传来倒闭的消息，新扬科在日前声请重整，顶伦昆山厂始终无法扩大生产规模，因而认赔出售给三星电机。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: #fcfcfc; MARGIN: 0cm 5.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">此外，大陆政策亦是不利于<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板业者的主因。大陆实施劳动合同法，薪资成本提高，在大陆设厂不再具有人工成本优势。在当地环保意识抬头下，大陆废水排放管制趋于严格，许多厂商拿不到废水排放额度，使扩产计划受阻；要不然就是已取得废水排放额度，但当地官方提高废水回收比率，由过去的<span lang="EN-US">40%</span>提升到<span lang="EN-US">60%</span>，业者必须增加废水处理设备，变相拉高生产成本。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: #fcfcfc; MARGIN: 0cm 5.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="宋体">未来台商在大陆经营风险相对升高。<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>业者指出，台资企业向来把大陆厂获利列入境外公司，因此大陆课不到税。然大陆国税局并不是笨蛋，已经展开严加查税，尤其以台资企业优先。对查缉人员来说，台资企业的语言、文字相通，查看报表较为容易，目前在华南地区开始针对台资企业查税，未来台资税率恐会提高，或是在合并报表上，投资收益减少，均可视为端倪。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: #fcfcfc; MARGIN: 0cm 5.75pt 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">业者认为，大环境不佳，加上在大陆地区经营风险提高，除了已浮出台面的公司之外，更有不少公司营运处于风雨飘摇之中，其中不乏为台资。尤其年关相近，资金压力更大，届时恐怕会有更多公司相继倒闭，预料此风波可能会延烧到<span lang="EN-US">2009</span>年。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板相关资料详见：</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://pcbsxl01.blog.hexun.com/">http://pcbsxl01.blog.hexun.com/</a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/37193/message.aspx IC设计与软件Wed, 03 Sep 2008 15:39:03 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31686/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><a href="http://www.pcb-ic.com/">PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">设计</span></span></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时如何正确使用磁珠</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正确地使用磁珠对于</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcb-ic.com/">PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">设计</span></span></a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来讲有着举足轻重的作用，下面就让我们一起来探讨如何正确的使用磁珠，先介绍一下我们公司</span><span lang="EN-US">-</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">深圳龙人</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://pcblab.xinwen520.net/">pcb<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公司是国内一家专业的</span><span lang="EN-US">pcb</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板公司，能根据客户的需求</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供无论单</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">双面</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多层板</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高频板等的</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcbwork.net/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板</span><span lang="EN-US">,PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">改板</span><span lang="EN-US">,PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计</span><span lang="EN-US">, PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转原理图</span><span lang="EN-US">,BOM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表制作</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">样机制作，</span><span lang="EN-US">IC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解密，芯片解密及硬件调试服务。详情：</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/">http://www.dmpcb.cn</a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，电话：</span><span lang="EN-US">0755-83662100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余小姐</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0755-83676393<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">魏小姐</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁珠专用于抑制信号线、电源线上的高频噪声和尖峰干扰，还具有吸收静电脉冲的能力。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　磁珠是用来吸收超高频信号，象一些</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电路，</span><span lang="EN-US">PLL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，振荡电路，含超高频存储器电路（</span><span lang="EN-US">DDR SDRAM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">RAMBUS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等）都需要在电源输入部分加磁珠，而电感是一种蓄能元件，用在</span><span lang="EN-US">LC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">振荡电路，中低频的滤波电路等，其应用频率范围很少超过错</span><span lang="EN-US">50MHZ.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">磁珠的功能主要是消除存在于传输线结构（</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电路）中的</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">噪声，</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能量是叠加在直流传输电平上的交流正弦波成分，直流成分是需要的有用信号，而射频</span><span lang="EN-US"> RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能量却是无用的电磁干扰沿着线路传输和辐射（</span><span lang="EN-US">EMI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）。要消除这些不需要的信号能量，使用片式磁珠扮演高频电阻的角色（衰减器），该器件允许直流信号通过，而滤除交流信号。通常高频信号为</span><span lang="EN-US">30MHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以上，然而，低频信号也会受到片式磁珠的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　片式磁珠由软磁铁氧体材料组成，构成高体积电阻率的独石结构。涡流损耗同铁氧体材料的电阻率成反比。涡流损耗随信号频率的平方成正比。使用片式磁珠的好处：</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小型化和轻量化</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在射频噪声频率范围内具有高阻抗，消除传输线中的电磁干扰。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">闭合磁路结构，更好地消除信号的串绕。极好的磁屏蔽结构。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">降低直流电阻，以免对有用信号产生过大的衰减。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">显著的高频特性和阻抗特性（更好的消除</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能量）。在高频放大电路中消除寄生振荡。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有效的工作在几个</span><span lang="EN-US">MHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到几百</span><span lang="EN-US">MHz</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的频率范围内。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　要正确的选择磁珠，必须注意以下几点：</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、不需要的信号的频率范围为多少；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、噪声源是谁；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、需要多大的噪声衰减；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、环境条件是什么（温度，直流电压，结构强度）；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、电路和负载阻抗是多少；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、是否有空间在</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.lrpcb.cn/">PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">板</span></span></a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上放置磁珠；</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　前三条通过观察厂家提供的阻抗频率曲线就可以判断。在阻抗曲线中三条曲线都非常重要，即电阻，感抗和总阻抗。总阻抗通过</span><span lang="EN-US">ZR22πfL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（）</span><span lang="EN-US">2+</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：</span><span lang="EN-US">=fL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">来描述。通过这一曲线，选择在希望衰减噪声的频率范围内具有最大阻抗而在低频和直流下信号衰减尽量小的磁珠型号。片式磁珠在过大的直流电压下，阻抗特性会受到影响，另外，如果工作温升过高，或者外部磁场过大，磁珠的阻抗都会受到不利的影响。使用片式磁珠和片式电感的原因：是使用片式磁珠还是片式电感主要还在于应用。在谐振电路中需要使用片式电感。而需要消除不需要的</span><span lang="EN-US">EMI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">噪声时，使用片式磁珠是最佳的选择。片式磁珠和片式电感的应用场合：片式电感：</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">射频（</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）和无线通讯，信息技术设备，雷达检波器，汽车电子，蜂窝电话，寻呼机，音频设备，</span><span lang="EN-US">PDAs</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（个人数字助理），无线遥控系统以及低压供电模块等。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　片式磁珠：时钟发生电路，模拟电路和数字电路之间的滤波，</span><span lang="EN-US">I/O</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输入</span><span lang="EN-US">/</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">输出内部连接器（比如串口，并口，键盘，鼠标，长途电信，本地局域网），射频（</span><span lang="EN-US">RF</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）电路和易受干扰的逻辑设备之间，供电电路中滤除高频传导干扰，计算机，打印机，录像机（</span><span lang="EN-US">VCRS</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），电视系统和手提电话中的</span><span lang="EN-US">EMI</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">噪声抑止。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本文的关键词：</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcbinf.com/"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></i></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">pcb</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板，</span><span lang="EN-US">pcb</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计</span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31686/message.aspx IC设计与软件Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:33:36 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31188/message.aspx<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="center"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">抄板技术布局经验总结<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">对于<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/">PCB</a></span>电子产品来说，印制<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>线路板设计是其从电原理图变成一个具体产品必经的一道设计工序，其设计的合理性与产品生产及产品质量紧密相关，而对于许多刚从事电子设计的人员来说，在这方面经验较少，虽然已学会了印制线路板设计软件，但设计出的印制线路板常有这样那样的问题，而许多电子刊物上少有这方面文章介绍，笔者曾多年从事印制线路板设计的工作，在此将印制线路板设计的点滴经验与大家分享，希望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。笔者的印制线路板设计软件早几年是<span lang="EN-US">TANGO</span>，现在则使用<span lang="EN-US">PROTEL2.7&nbsp;FOR&nbsp;WINDOWS</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><a href="http://www.pcbinf.com/"><font face="宋体">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">抄</span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">板</span></span></font></a></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">的布局：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">印制<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://hexun.com/pcbsxl01">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">设计</span></span></a></span>线路板上的元器件放置的通常顺序：<span lang="EN-US">①</span>放置与结构有紧密配合的固定位置的元器件，如电源插座、指示灯、开关、连接件之类，这些器件放置好后用软件的<span lang="EN-US">LOCK</span>功能将其锁定，使之以后不会被误移动；<span lang="EN-US">②</span>放置线路上的特殊元件和大的元器件，如发热元件、变压器、<span lang="EN-US">IC</span>等；<span lang="EN-US">③</span>放置小器件。元器件离板边缘的距离。可能的话所有的元器件均放置在离板的边缘<span lang="EN-US">3mm</span>以内或至少大于板厚，这是由于在大批量生产的流水线插件和进行波峰焊时，要提供给导轨槽使用，同时也为了防止由于外形加工引起边缘部分的缺损，如果印制线路板上元器件过多，不得已要超出<span lang="EN-US">3mm</span>范围时，可以在板的边缘加上<span lang="EN-US">3mm</span>的辅边，辅边开<span lang="EN-US">V</span>形槽，在生产时用手掰断即可。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">高低压之间的隔离：在许多印制线路板上同时有高压电路和低压电路，高压电路部分的元器件与低压部分要分隔开放置，隔离距离与要承受的耐压有关，通常情况下在<span lang="EN-US">2000kV</span>时板上要距离<span lang="EN-US">2mm</span>，在此之上以比例算还要加大，例如若要承受<span lang="EN-US">3000V</span>的耐压测试，则高低压线路之间的距离应在<span lang="EN-US">3.5mm</span>以上，许多情况下为避免爬电，还在印制线路板上的高低压之间开槽。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">印制<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://blog.cechinamag.com/pcbchaobansxl/">PCB</a></span>电路板的走线：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">印制导线的布设应尽可能的短，在高频回路中更应如此；印制导线的拐弯应成圆角，而直角或尖角在高频电路和布线密度高的情况下会影响电气性能；当两面板布线时，两面的导线宜相互垂直、斜交、或弯曲走线，避免相互平行，以减小寄生耦合；作为电路的输入及输出用的印制导线应尽量避免相邻平行，以免发生回授，在这些导线之间最好加接地线。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">印制导线的宽度：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;PCB</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">抄板导线宽度应以能满足电气性能要求而又便于生产为宜，它的最小值以承受的电流大小而定，但最小不宜小于<span lang="EN-US">0.2mm</span>，在高密度、高精度的印制线路中，导线宽度和间距一般可取<span lang="EN-US">0.3mm</span>；导线宽度在大电流情况下还要考虑其温升，单面板实验表明，当铜箔厚度为<span lang="EN-US">50μm</span>、导线宽度<span lang="EN-US">1</span>～<span lang="EN-US">1.5mm</span>、通过电流<span lang="EN-US">2A</span>时，温升很小，因此，一般选用<span lang="EN-US">1</span>～<span lang="EN-US">1.5mm</span>宽度导线就可能满足设计要求而不致引起温升；印制导线的公共地线应尽可能地粗，可能的话，使用大于<span lang="EN-US">2</span>～<span lang="EN-US">3mm</span>的线条，这点在带有微处理器的电路中尤为重要，因为当地线过细时，由于流过的电流的变化，地电位变动，微处理器定时信号的电平不稳，会使噪声容限劣化；在<span lang="EN-US">DIP</span>封装的<span lang="EN-US">IC</span>脚间走线，可应用<span lang="EN-US">10</span>－<span lang="EN-US">10</span>与<span lang="EN-US">12</span>－<span lang="EN-US">12</span>原则，即当两脚间通过<span lang="EN-US">2</span>根线时，焊盘直径可设为<span lang="EN-US">50mil</span>、线宽与线距都为<span lang="EN-US">10mil</span>，当两脚间只通过<span lang="EN-US">1</span>根线时，焊盘直径可设为<span lang="EN-US">64mil</span>、线宽与线距都为<span lang="EN-US">12mil</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">印制<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板导线的间距：<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">相邻<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>抄板导线间距必须能满足电气安全要求，而且为了便于操作和生产，间距也应尽量宽些。最小间距至少要能适合承受的电压。这个电压一般包括工作电压、附加波动电压以及其它原因引起的峰值电压。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31188/message.aspx IC设计与软件Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:33:05 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31187/message.aspx<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">龙人抄板</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">/PCB</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">/PCB</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克隆服务</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">1.</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">线路板克隆项目</span><span lang="EN-US"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们采用最先进的扫描工艺与软件技术相结合</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克隆单</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多层级</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB( <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/">PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">克隆</span></span></a></b> ) </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">各种盲埋孔高难度</span><span lang="EN-US"> PCB, </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电路准确保证</span><span lang="EN-US">100%,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并可以生成现在流行的</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计软件格式文档</span><span lang="EN-US">;<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如</span><span lang="EN-US">POWER-PCB,PROTEL99,PADS2000,PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">转原理图做</span><span lang="EN-US">BOM</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提示</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了保护原创</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计版权所有者的合法权益</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">凡是本公司进行</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">克隆</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">业务的客户</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">必须有其版权来源的合法声明</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">2.PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产接口文件</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">(1)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提供</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</span><span lang="EN-US">GERBER</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文件</span><span lang="EN-US"><br>(2)PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生产规格说明书</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高质量</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低费用</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">◆</span><span lang="EN-US"> PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计、</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计开发、</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcbinf.com/">PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">：根据电气原理图和结构图运用专业</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计软件进行布线设计，我们拥有专业的、有经验的设计队伍，能克服目前</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计布线中的一些缺陷，对高速数据线进行模拟仿真，保证设计质量。目前使用的</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计软件有：</span><span lang="EN-US">PROTEL</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">POWERPCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">PADS-2000</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">ORCAD</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">CADSTAR</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等；我们拥有全套先进的实验设备，能测试</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板线路信号的所有状态，以保证</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计达到要求。</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们也可以根据现有的</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板进行复制，所复制的</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">图精度非常高，可以与</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原板一样，</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://hexun.com/pcbsxl01"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复制费用低，为客户节省设计费用。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">◆</span><span lang="EN-US"> PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加工：我们拥有专业的</span><span lang="EN-US">OEM PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">加工厂，引进国外先进设备和技术，能够向您提供高密度、高精度的单面、双面、多层刚性</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板和软性</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板制作；</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">◆电子元器件采购及焊接：为给客户减少元器件采购麻烦及缩短时间，我们对客户提供元器件采购服务，</span><span lang="EN-US">PCBA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工厂为客户提供插件、贴片（</span><span lang="EN-US">DIP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">SMD/SMT</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）焊接服务，</span><span lang="EN-US"> PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目前工厂可焊接</span><span lang="EN-US">0201</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US">CSP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">BGA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等微型、高密度封装的元器件。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">◆</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子产品软件、硬件设计开发：我们由一批年轻有朝气的开发工程师组成开发团队，熟悉不同的软硬件及各种协议，能够快速、全面地为客户服务。电子产品软件、硬件设计开发涉及计算机、通信、网络设备、手机、数码相机、仪器仪表等高科技领域。我们在</span><span lang="EN-US">51</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列、</span><span lang="EN-US">PIC</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列、</span><span lang="EN-US">AVR</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列、</span><span lang="EN-US">MOTOROLA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">系列单片机（</span><span lang="EN-US">MCU</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）项目上有很多成功案例；在语言编程方面，能够根据客户要求使用</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">C++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">VB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">VC++</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">PRO C</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">JAVA</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">JSP</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</span><span lang="EN-US">C++ BUILDER</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">等任何语言来开发，同时也能够为客户进行数据库软件开发。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">◆</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子产品完整解决方案</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板：与客户深入沟通反复论证确定设计框架，然后提供从产品原理设计，结构布局，软件开发，硬件开发（含元器件采购），产品测试加工到成品完成一条龙式产品服务。为那些专注产品市场推广的客户节省大量开发时间和开发费用，帮助客户永远在产品市场上具有领先优势，为客户创造价值。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">龙人</span> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://blog.dahe.cn/" target=_blank>PCB<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">报价：</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（仅供参考</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于如何给您的</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB layout</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计报价，我们采用的是常用的一种报价方式</span><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板，我们非常愿意提供特别的报价方式更有效地满足您的需求。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于以上的报价如果您有任何问题，请随时拨打我们的电话联系：</span><span lang="EN-US">0755-83676296 ,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">联系人：余小姐</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">抄板报价（按焊点计价）</span><span lang="EN-US">*&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全新超低价</span><span lang="EN-US">*</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">PCB</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">板层</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">价</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时间</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">单层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">两层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0.6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1-2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2-3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">六层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3--5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6-10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十层板</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7-15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十二层</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">按难度定</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十四层</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;......<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十六层</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;......<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十八层</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">元一个焊点</span><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;...... </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">科学、完整的<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">抄板</b>报价需要您提供以下信息：</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>Schematics and/or a Netlist </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>Bill of Materials </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>Mechanical Outline </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br>Design Guidelines/Criteria </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　</span><span lang="EN-US"> <br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特殊情况下，您前期不提供任何信息，我们也可以给您一个参考的报价</span><span lang="EN-US">!<br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">根据您提供的以上数据，按照目前业界通行的办法，</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们主要按照单板的管脚（</span><span lang="EN-US">PIN</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）数来计算价格</span><span lang="EN-US">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并且结合考虑单板的设计密度</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、电路特性、复杂度、设计要求、工作量。如果需要快速服务，需要另外加一定的费用。</span><span lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除非报价时的输入数据不完善，或大的工程更改导致交付时间大大延长，否则我们的报价是固定不变的。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">详情请登陆：</span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/">http://www.dmpcb.cn</a></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31187/message.aspx 显示光电（FPD）Thu, 28 Aug 2008 09:32:33 GMThttp://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31186/message.aspx<p style="BACKGROUND: white; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><font face="宋体"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">PCB</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">抄板技术<span lang="EN-US">-</span>八步教你学会抄板<span lang="EN-US"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第一步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">拿到一块<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.dmpcb.cn/">PCB</a></span>，首先在纸上记录好所有元器件的型号，参数，以及位置，尤其是二极管，三极管的方向，<span lang="EN-US">IC</span>缺口的方向。最好用数码相机拍两张元器件位置的照片；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第二步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">拆掉所有器件，并且将<span lang="EN-US">PAD</span>孔里的锡去掉。用酒精将<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://blog.cechinamag.com/pcbchaobansxl/">PCB</a></span>清洗干净，然后放入扫描仪内，启动<span lang="EN-US">POHTOSHOP</span>，用彩色方式将丝印面扫入，并打印出来备用；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第三步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">用水纱纸将<span lang="EN-US">TOP LAYER </span>和<span lang="EN-US">BOTTOM LAYER</span>两层轻微打磨，打磨到铜膜发亮，放入扫描仪，启动<span lang="EN-US">PHOTOSHOP</span>，用彩色方式将两层分别扫入。注意，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.pcb-ic.com/">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">板</span></span></a></span>在扫描仪内摆放一定要横平树直，否则扫描的图象就无法使用；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第四步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">调整画布的对比度，明暗度，使有铜膜的部分和没有铜膜的部分对比强烈，然后将此图转为黑白色，检查线条是否清晰，如果不清晰，则重复本步骤。如果清晰，将图存为黑白<span lang="EN-US">BMP</span>格式文件<span lang="EN-US">TOP.BMP</span>和<span lang="EN-US">BOT.BMP</span>；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第五步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">将两个<span lang="EN-US">BMP</span>格式的文件分别转为<span lang="EN-US">PROTEL</span>格式文件，在<span lang="EN-US">PROTEL</span>中调入两层，如果两层<span lang="EN-US">PAD</span>和<span lang="EN-US">VIA</span>的位置基本重合，表明前几个步骤做的很好，如果有偏差，则重复第三步；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第六步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">将<span lang="EN-US">TOP.BMP</span>转化为<span lang="EN-US">TOP.PCB</span>，注意要转化到<span lang="EN-US">SILK</span>层，就是黄色的那层，然后你在<span lang="EN-US">TOP</span>层描线就是了，并且根据第二步的图纸放置器件。画完后将<span lang="EN-US">SILK</span>层删掉；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第七步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">在<span lang="EN-US">PROTEL</span>中将<span lang="EN-US">TOP.PCB</span>和<span lang="EN-US">BOT.PCB</span>调入，合为一个图就<span lang="EN-US">OK</span>了；<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">第八步<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black">用激光打印机将<span lang="EN-US">TOP LAYER</span>，<span lang="EN-US"> BOTTOM LAYER</span>分别打印到透明胶片上（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>：<span lang="EN-US">1</span>的比例），把胶片放到那块<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>上，比较一下是否有误，如果没错，你就大功告成了。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></font></p> <p style="BACKGROUND: white"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black"><font face="宋体">通过以上八步的指导，<span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://hexun.com/pcbsxl01">PCB<span lang="EN-US"><span lang="EN-US">抄板</span></span></a></span>技术其实也并不是那么难学<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>http://www.sichinamag.com/blog/pcbxl520/31186/message.aspx IC设计与软件